Mark Sagoff has published widely in journals of law, philosophy, and the environment. His most recent books are The Economy of the Earth, 2nd Edition (Cambridge University Press, 2008) and Price, Principle, and the Environment (Cambridge University Press, 2004). He was named a Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment in 1991 and awarded a Fellowship at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 1998. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Hastings Center. Sagoff has an A.B. from Harvard and a Ph.D. (Philosophy) from Rochester, and has taught at Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Wisconsin (Madison), and Cornell. He is director of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy and a Professor of Philosophy at George Mason University. Before coming to Mason, he directed for many years the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Education
Harvard University, 1959-1963.
Graduated with honors.
Major: History and Literature.
Advisor: Perry Miller.

Columbia University, 1963-1965.
Graduate student in Philosophy.

University of Rochester, 1965-1968.
Ph.D. in Philosophy 1970.
Dissertation title: "Kant's Theory of Aesthetic Judgment." Advisor: Lewis White Beck.

Professional Experience
Director, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, George Mason University 2011-

Director, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park 1988-1995; 2006 - 2010

Senior Research Scholar, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, U. Md., 1988 - 2010

Research Scholar, Center for Philosophy and Public Policy, 1979 -1988

Lecturer, Maryland Law School, 1982 - 1984, 1989

Assistant Prof., Program on Science, Technology and Society, Cornell University, 1976 - 1978.

Visiting Assistant Prof., Dept. of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin (Madison), 1975 - 1976.

Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 1969 - 1975.

Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Princeton University, 1968 - 1969.

Awards
Awardee, Pew Scholars Program in Conservation and the Environment, 1991-1996

Woodrow Wilson Center Fellow 1998-99

Fellow, Hastings Center, 1997-present

Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2000-present

Professional Activities:
President, International Society for Environmental Ethics, 1994-1997

Served on editorial boards of several journals in environmental ethics and technology policy, e.g. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (coeditor 1999-2004); Environmental Conservation; Environmental Values; Agriculture and Human Values; Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics

Member, National Research Council (NAS) Committee on Valuing Biodiversity (1996-1999)

Member, Science Advisory Board, Committee on the Valuation of Ecosystem Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2003-present)

Teaching
Graduate and undergraduate courses in the history of modern philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of law, Kant, environmental ethics, the philosophy of biology, political theory, and moral dimensions of public policy.

Publications

Books
The Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988 second printing 1989; third printing 1991); Second Edition, (completely revised and rewritten) 2008.

Price, Principle, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Monograph
"A Critical Examination of Risk Benefit Analysis in Decisions Concerning Public Safety and Health," Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, 40 pp. (Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 1985).

Articles
"On Preserving the Natural Environment," Yale Law Journal, 84, no. 2 (December 1974): 205-267. Reprinted, in part, in Today's Moral Problems, 2nd ed., Richard Wasserstrom, ed. (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1979), pp. 613-623; and in Ethics and the Environment, Donald Scherer and Thomas Attig, eds. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982), pp. 21-30; and in Environmental Policy Law: Cases, Readings, Text, Thomas Schoenbaum, ed. (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press, 1982), pp. 52-58.

"The Aesthetic Status of Forgeries," Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 23 (Winter 1976): 169-180. Reprinted in The Forger's Art: Forgery and the Philosophy of Art, Denis Dutton, ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), pp. 131-152.

"Prolegomena to any Future Argument for the Preservation of the Natural Environment" in Philosophy in the Life of a Nation, Peter Caws, ed. (Collected papers of the Bicentennial Symposium of Philosophy, 1976), pp. 195-204.

"Morality and the Logical Subject of Intentions," Philosophy Research Archives 3 (1977).

"Historical Authenticity," Erkenntnis 12 (1978): 83-93.

"On Restoring and Reproducing Art," Journal of Philosophy 75 (September 1978): 453-470. Reprinted in Catherine Z. Elgin, ed., Nelson Goodman’s Philosophy of Art (New York: Garland Publishing, 1997).

"Kant on the Value of Beautiful Things," Journal of Philosophy 75 (November 1978): 568.

"Toxic Substance Regulation and the Theory of Games," in Toxic Substances: Decisions and Values IV, T. Conroy et al., eds., (December 1979), pp. 37-55; published by the Technical Information Project, Washington, D.C.

"Can There Be a Science of Behavior?" The Cornell Review 7 (Fall 1979): 37-47.

"On the Freedom of Markets" (abstract), Journal of Philosophy 77 (October 1980): 659.

"On Teaching Environmental Ethics," Metaphilosophy 11, nos. 3 and 4 (July/October 1980): 307-325. Reprinted as "Environmental Ethics: A Model Course," Maryland Courses on Public Philosophy, no. 3 (1982).

"On the Economic and Aesthetic Value of Works of Art," The British Journal of Aesthetics 21 (Autumn 1981): 318-329.

"On the Preservation of Species," Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 7 (1981): 33-67.

"Why the Square Root of Two is Blue," editorial in The Baltimore Sun, August 7, 1981, p. A17. Reprinted as "The Limits of Cost-Benefit Analysis," in QQ: Report from the Center for Philosophy and Public Policy 1, no. 3 (Summer 1981): 9-11. Reprinted in The Land Report 14 (Fall 1981): 26-7 (published by the Land Institute).

"Risk and Consent" (abstract), Journal of Philosophy 78 (October 1981): 612.

"Do We Need a Land Use Ethic?" Environmental Ethics 4 (Winter 1981): 293-308. Reprinted in Contemporary Issues in Business Ethics, Joseph DesJardins and John McCall, eds. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1985), pp. 485-494. Reprinted again in Planet in Peril: Essays in Environmental Ethics, Fred Westphal, ed., Ft. Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1995): 57-72.

"Economic Theory and Environmental Law," Michigan Law Review 79 (June 1981): 1393-1419. Reprinted in Land Use and Environmental Law Review 79 (1982): 423-449. Reprinted in part in Environmental Law: Cases and Materials, Roger Findley and David Farber, eds. (West Publishing Co., 2nd ed. 1985). Reprinted in Environmental Law, William M. Tabb and Linda A. Malone, eds. (The Michie Company, 1992). Reprinted in R. Kerry Turner and Ian J. Bateman, eds. Environmental Ethics and Philosophy (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002), Ch. 21.

"At the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima or Why Political Questions Are Not All Economic," Arizona Law Review 23 (1982): 1281-1298. Reprinted in Ethics and the Environment, Donald Scherer and Thomas Attig, eds. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1983), pp. 221-234. Reprinted again in People, Penguins and Plastic Trees, Donald Van De Veer and Christine Pierce, eds. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1985), pp. 227-237. Reprinted again in Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach, Thomas Donaldson, Patricia H. Werhane, eds. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993): 403-416. Reprinted again in The Environmental Ethics and Policy Book: Philosophy, Ecology, Economics, Donald VanDeVeer, Christine Pierce, eds. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1993): 315-323. Reprinted again in Louis P. Pojman, ed., Environmental Ethics; Readings in Theory and Application (Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.). And again in Theodore D. Goldfarb, ed., Sources: Notable Selections in Environmental Studies (Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing, 1997), pp. 287-297. Reprinted in several other anthologies.

"We Have Met the Enemy and He Is Us or Conflict and Contradiction in Environmental Law," Environmental Law 12 (1982): 283-315.

"On Markets for Risk," Maryland Law Review 41, no. 4 (4) (1982): 755-773. Reprinted in Science and Morality, D. Teichler-Zallen and C.D. Clements, eds. (Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath Co., 1982), pp. 205-221. Reprinted again in Philosophical Issues in Human Rights: Theories and Applications, P. Werhane, A. R. Gini, and D. Ozar, eds. (N.Y.: Random House, 1986) pp. 132-139.

"Liberalism and Law," in Liberalism Reconsidered, Douglas MacLean and Claudia Mills, eds. (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1983), pp. 12-24.

"The Limits of Justice," discussion essay on Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, by Michael Sandel, Yale Law Journal 92, no. 6 (May 1983): 1065-1081.

"Ethics and Economics in Environmental Law," in Earthbound, Thomas Regan, ed. (N.Y.: Random House, 1984), pp. 147-178.

"Is Big Beautiful?" Journal of Applied Philosophy 1, no. 2 (1984): 269-280.

"Paternalism and the Regulation of Drugs," The International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2(2) (Fall 1984): 43-57.

"Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce," Osgoode Hall Law Journal 22 (1984): 297-307. Reprinted in Joseph Desjardins, Environmental Ethics: Concepts, Policy, and Theory (Mountain View, CA: 1999), pp. 317-326. Reprinted in David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott, Environmental Ethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 38-44).

"Nine Propositions on Nimbies or Learning from the Tiv," in Not-In-My-Backyard!, R. Collins, et al. eds. (Institute for Environmental Negotiation, 1984), pp. 55-63.

"Sense and Sentiment in Occupational Safety and Health," in The Language of Risk: Competing Perspectives on Occupational Health, Dorothy Nelkin, ed. (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985), pp. 179-197.

"Fact and Value in Ecological Science," Environmental Ethics 7(2) (Summer, 1985): 99-116.

"Must Regulatory Reform Fail?" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 4(3) (Spring 1985): 433-436.

"He Had a Hat," Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 44(1985): 191-192.

"Process or Product? Ethical Issues in Environmental Management," Environmental Ethics 8 (1986): 121-138. Reprinted in National Sea Grant College, Program Papers from the Estuarine Management Practices Symposium 1985 (Baton Rouge, LA: 1986), pp. 1-16.

"Values and Preferences," Ethics 96(2)(January, 1986): 301-316.

"The Principles of Federal Pollution Control Law," Minnesota Law Review 71(1) (October, 1986): 19-95.

"Can Environmentalists be Liberals?"Environmental Law 16 (1986): 775-796. Reprinted in Environmental Ethics, Robert Elliot, ed. (Oxford Readings in Environmental Ethics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995): 165-187.

"Ecology and Law: Science's Dilemma in the Courtroom" Maryland Sea Grant Program Publication, 1987, 25pp.

"Ethical and Economic Principles of Environmental Protection," in Law of Environmental Protection Volume I, Sheldon Novick, Donald Stever, and Margaret Mellon, eds. (New York: Clark Boardman Co.: 1987) Ch. 5, pp. 2-79.

"NEPA: Ethics, Economics, and Science in Environmental Law," in Law of Environmental Protection, Volume I, Sheldon Novick, Donald Stever, and Margaret Mellon, eds. (New York: Clark Boardman Co.: 1987) Ch. 9.02, pp. 9-47 - 9-102.

"Where Ickes Went Right or Reason and Rationality in Environmental Law," Ecology Law Quarterly 14 (2) (1987): 265-323.

"On Teaching Ethics, Agriculture, and the Environment (Part I)," Journal of Agricultural Ethics, 1 (1988): 69-87.

"On Teaching a Course on Ethics, Agriculture, and the Environment: Part II" Journal of Agricultural Ethics 1(2) (1988): 87-100.

"Some Difficulties in the Defense of Environmental Economics," Environmental Ethics, 10 (1988): 55-74.

"What's the Risk in Our New Creations?" Newsday, Ideas Section, May 22, 1988, pp. 1, 4-5.

"Biotechnology and the Environment: What is at Risk? Agriculture and Human Values, 5(3) (Summer 1988): 26-35.

"Environmental Protection and Property Rights," Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 3(3) (Fall 1988): 75-84.

"Ethics, Ecology, and the Environment:Integrating Science and Law," Tennessee Law Review 56 (1988): 77-229.

"Biotechnology and the Environment: Ethical and Cultural Considerations," Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference on the Environment May 6-7, 1988, American Bar Association, 1989.

"Biotechnology and the Environment: Ethical and Cultural Considerations," Environmental Law Reporter, Vol. XIX, No 11 (November 1989): 10520-10526.

"Biotechnology and the End of Medicine," Newsletter on Philosophy and Medicine 88:2(1989: 85-88). Published by the American Philosophical Association.

"Takings, Just Compensation, and the Environment," in Upstream/Downstream: Issues in Environmental Ethics, Donald Scherer, editor (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1990), Ch. 6, pp. 158-179. Reprinted in The Environmental Ethics and Policy Book: Philosophy, Ecology, Economics, Donald VanDeVeer, Christine Pierce, eds. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1993), pp. 451-461.

"'I Am No Greenpeacer, But...' or Environmentalism, Risk Communication, and the Lower Middle Class," in Business, Ethics, and the Environment: The Public Policy Debate, W. Michael Hoffman, Robert Frederick, and Edward S. Petry, Jr. eds. (New York: Quorum Books, 1990), Ch. 10, pp. 101-123.

"On Integrating the Environmental Sciences," in Sustainable Development, Science and Policy, May 8 - 12, 1990 Conference Report, (Oslo: The Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities, August 1990), pp. 377-398.

"On Making Nature Safe for Biotechnology," in Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology, Lev Ginsburg, ed. (Stoneham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991), Ch. 17, pp. 341-365.

"Zuckerman's Dilemma or A Plea for Environmental Ethics," Hastings Center Report, Vol. 21, No. 5, September-October 1991, pp. 32-40. Reprinted in David M. Adams and Edward Maine, Business Ethics for the 21st Century (Mayfield Publishing, 1998). Reprinted in Robert A. Larmer, ed., Ethics in the Workplace, 2nd edn. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002, pp. 588-597.

"The Biotechnology Controversy," in Values & Public Policy, Claudia Mills, editor (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1991), Ch. 2, pp. 43-47.

"Property Rights and Environmental Law," in Values & Public Policy, Claudia Mills, editor (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1991), Ch. 2, pp. 48-53.

"The Limits of Cost?Benefit Analysis," in Values & Public Policy, Claudia Mills, editor (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1991), Ch. 3, pp. 76-79.

"Setting Environmental Priorities: The Debate About Risk," EPA Journal, Volume 17 No. 2, March/April 1991, p. 30.

"Nature Versus the Environment," Report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy 11(3) (1991): 5-8.

"Ancient Astronomers and Modern Economists," Nature Conservancy July/August, 1991, p. 38.

(with Calestous Juma) "Policies for Technology," in An Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st Century, compiled by M. Brennan, based on a United nations Conference held in Vienna, Austria, November 1991.

"The Great Environmental Awakening," The American Prospect 9 (Spring 1992): 39-47.

"Nature as Norm: Reflecting on Values and Choices," Maryland Humanities Spring/Summer 1992, Annual Report 1991, p. 6.

"Coming Late to the Commons: Land Use and Investment?Backed Expectations" in Richard Collins, ed. Vested Rights, Development Expectations and the Zoning Power: The Concept of Vested Rights, Institute for Environmental Regulation, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, 1992 pp. 55-61.

"Technological Risk: A Budget of Distinctions," in The Environment in Question: Ethics and Global Issues, David E. Cooper, ed., (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 194-211.

"Global Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Cures," Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 7 (3) (Fall 1992):127-128.

"Settling America or The Concept of Place in Environmental Ethics," Journal of Energy, Natural Resources & Environmental Law 12 (2) (1992): 351-418.

"Has Nature a Good of Its Own?"Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management, Robert Costanza, Bryan G. Norton, Benjamin D. Haskell, eds. (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1992): 57-71.

"Resource Economics: An Epitaph," Resources No. 111 (Spring 1993): 2-7.

"Libertarian vs. Free-Market Environmentalism," Critical Review 6 (2-3) (1993): 211-230. Reprinted in Joseph R. DesJardins, ed., Environmental Ethics: Concepts, Policy, and Theory (Mountain View, CA: 1999), pp. 116-126.

"Ethical Aspects of Consumption," Orion Magazine, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Spring 1993):48-54.

"Playing the Numbers - Population and Nature," Conscience Vol. XIV, No. 3 (Autumn 1993): pp.21-25.

"Biodiversity and the Culture of Ecology," Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, vol. 74, No. 4 (December 1993): 374-381.

"Environmental Bedfellows," Hastings Center Report (March-April 1993):42-43.

"Should Preferences Count?"Land Economics, Vol. 70, No. 2 (May 1994): 127-44. Reprinted (in part) in Fred Ackerman et al., eds., Human Well-Being and Economic Goals (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997), pp. 188-191.

"Population, Nature, and the Environment," Beyond the Numbers, Laurie Ann Mazur, ed. (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1994): 33-39.

"Environmentalism vs. Value Subjectivism: Rejoinder to Anderson and Leal," Critical Review 8 (3) (Summer 1994): 467-473.

"Choosing Sides on Pesticides," Amicus Journal, Vol. 15(4) (Winter 1994): 10-11.

"Two Cheers for Community," Hastings Center Report, (May-June 1994): pp. 33-34.

"Four Dogmas of Environmental Economics," Environmental Values, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Winter 1994): 285-310.

"Carrying Capacity and Ecological Economics," BioScience, Vol. 45, No. 9 (October 1995): 610-620. Reprinted in David A. Crocker and Toby Linden, eds., Ethics of Consumption: The Good Life, Justice, and Global Citizenship (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), Chapter 2, pp. 28-52.

"The Value of Integrity," Perspectives on Ecological Integrity, Laura Westra and John Lemmons, ed., (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995): 162-176.

"Environmental Policy and Law," Encyclopedia of Bioethics Vol 2, Warren T. Reich, ed., (New York: Simon and Schuster-MacMillan, 1995): 701-707.

"The Concept of Place in Environmental Politics," in A Wolf in the Garden: The Land Rights Movement and the New Environmental Debate, Philip D. Brick and R. McGregor Cawley eds. (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 1996), pp. 249-260.

"Why Save the Seas?" Saving the Seas: Values, Scientists and International Governance, L. Anathea Brooks and Stacy D. VanDeveer, eds., (College Park, MD: Maryland Sea Grant College, 1996), pp. 21-45.

"On the Value of Endangered and Other Species," Environmental Management 20(6)(Nov.-Dec. 1996): 897-911.

"Animals as Inventions: Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights," Report of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy 16(1)(Winter 1996): 15-19.

"Can We Put a Price on Nature’s Services?" Report from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, Volume 17, Number 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 7-13. Reprinted in Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Environmental Issues (8th Edition), Theodore D. Goldfarb, ed. (Guilford CT: Dushkin/McGraw Hill, 1999), pp. 10-17. Reprinted again in Verna Gehring and William Galston, Philosophical Dimensions of Public Policy (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2002): 291-300.

"Social Cost-Benefit Analysis," in Edward Freeman and Patricia Werhane, eds., Blackwell Encyclopedia of Business Ethics (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 589-590.

"Forward," in Eric Katz, Nature as Subject: Human Obligation and Natural Community (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997), pp. ix-x.
"A Noneconomic View of the Value of Biodiversity," in Principles of Conservation Biology, Second edn., Gary K. Meffe and C. Ronald Carroll, eds. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1997), pp. 522-23.

"Muddle or Muddle Through? Takings Jurisprudence Meets the Endangered Species Act, William and Mary Law Review 38(3)(March 1997): 825-993.

"Do We Consume Too Much?" The Atlantic Monthly 279 (6) (June 1997): 80-96. Reprinted in Patricia Werhane and Laura Westra, eds., The Business of Consumption (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), pp. 271-294. Reprinted in David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott, Environmental Ethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 205-221.

"Saving the Marketplace from the Market: One View of the New Resource Economics," in John A. Baden and Donald Snow, eds., The Next West: Public Lands, Community, and Economy in the American West (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997), pp. 131-159.

"Environmental Economics," in Ruth Chadwick, ed., Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics vol. II (San Diego: Academic Press, 1998), pp. 59-71.
"Aggregation and Deliberation in Valuing Environmental Public Goods: A Look Beyond Contingent Pricing," Ecological Economics 24(1998): 213-230.

"On the Uses of Biodiversity," in Lakshman D. Guruswamy and Jeffrey A. McNeely, eds., Protection of Global Biodiversity: Converging Strategies (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 265-284.

"Animals as Inventions: Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights," in Lakshman D. Guruswamy and Jeffrey A. McNeely, eds., Protection of Global Biodiversity: Converging Strategies (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 331-350.

"The Allocation and Distribution of Resources," in John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 131-146.

"Patented Genes: An Ethical Appraisal," Issues in Science and Technology 14(3)(Spring, 1998): 37-41.

"The Role of Social Values in Policy Analysis," Milton Carrow, R. Paul Churchill, and Joseph Cordes, eds., Democracy, Social Values and Public Policy (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 1998), pp. 91-106.

"Is the Economy Too Big for the Environment?" Dorinda Dallmeyer and Albert Ike, eds. Environmental Ethics and the Global Marketplace (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1998), pp. 31-61.

"DNA Patents: Making Ends Meet," in Audrey R. Chapman, ed., Perspectives on Genetic Engineering (Washington, DC: AAAS, 1999), pp. 245-267.

Controlling Global Climate: The Debate over Pollution Trading," Report from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy," 19(1)(Winter 1999): 1-6. Reprinted in Verna Gehring and William Galston, Philosophical Dimensions of Public Policy (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2002): 311-318.; also, "Pollution Trading and the Global Environment," in Michael D. Kaplowitz, ed., Property Rights, Economics, and the Environment, Volume 5 of Legal Relationship Series. (Stamford, CT: JAI Press Inc., 2000), pp. 241-257.

"The View from Quincy Library: Civil Engagement and Environmental Problem Solving," in Robert K. Fullinwider, ed.Civil Society, Democracy and Civic Renewal. (Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999), pp. 151-183.

"What’s Wrong with Exotic Species?"Report from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy 19(4)(Fall 1999): 16-23. Verna Gehring and William Galston, Philosophical Dimensions of Public Policy (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2002): 327-340.

"Models or Muddles? Property Rights and the Endangered Species Act," in John A. Baden and Pete Geddes, eds., Saving a Place: Endangered Species in the 21st Century (Aldershoot: Ashgate, 2000), pp. 38-67.

"Environmental Economics and the Conflation of Value and Benefit," Environmental Science and Technology 34 (April 2000): 1426-1432.

"Concepts of Ecosystem Design in Historical and Philosophical Context," in David Pimentel, Laura Westra, and Reed Noss, eds., Ecological Integrity in Environmental, Agricultural, and Health Systems, (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000), chapter 4, pp. 61-78.

"Pollution Trading and the Global Environment," in Michael D. Kaplowitz, ed., Property Rights, Economics, and the Environment, Volume 5 of the Legal Relationship Series. (Stamford, CT: JAI Press Inc., 2000), pp. 241-257.

"At the Monument to General Meade or On the Difference Between Beliefs and Benefits," Arizona Law Review vol. 42, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 433-462. Reprinted in Frederick A.Kaufman, ed., Foundations of Environmental Philosophy: A Text with Readings (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003), pp. 364-374; reprinted again in Susan J. Armstrong and Richard Boltzer, eds., Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence (New York: McGraw Hill, 2003); reprinted again in Fritz Allhoff and Anand J. Vaidya, eds. Business in Ethical Focus: An Anthology (Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2008), pp. 189-214.

"Why Exotic Species Are Not as Bad as We Fear," The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 23, 2000, B7.

"Can Technology Make the World Safe for Development? The Environment in the Age of Information," in Keekok Lee, Alan Holland, and Desmond McNeill, eds., Global Sustainable Development in the 21st Century (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000), pp. 115-144.

Biotechnology and Agriculture: The Common Wisdom and Its Critics," Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 9(1)(Fall 2001): 13-34.

"Genetic Engineering and the Concept of the Natural," in Philosophy and Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 21, Number 2/3, Spring/Summer 2001, pp. 2-10; reprinted in Allan Eaglesham et al. eds., Genetically Modified Food and the Consumer, NABC Report 13, National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, Ithaca, New York,2001, pp. 127-140; reprinted again in Verna V. Gehring, ed., Genetic Prospects: Essays on Biotechnology, Ethics and Public Policy (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Allenheld, 2003): pp. 11-25; reprinted again in M. E. Winston & R. D. Edelbach, eds., Society, Ethics, and Technology (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2003), pp. 287-296.

"Consumption," in Dale Jamieson, ed., A Companion to Environmental Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, Blackwell Companions to Philosophy, 2001), pp. 473-485.

"Are Genes Inventions? An Ethical Analysis of Gene Patents," in Justine Burley and John Harris, A Companion to Genethics (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), pp. 420-437.

"On the Value of Natural Ecosystems: The Catskills Parable," Politics and the Life Sciences, March 2002, 21:1, pp. 16-21; reprinted in Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly, Volume 22, Number 1/2 (Winter/Spring 2002); reprinted in part as "The Catskills Parable: A Billion Dollar Misunderstanding" in PERC Reports June 2005.

"The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Environment," in John Martin Gillroy and Joe Bowersox, The Moral Austerity of Environmental Decision Making: Sustainability, Democracy, and Normative Argument in Policy and Law (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002), pp. 262-275.

"Are Environmental Values all Instrumental?" in John Martin Gillroy and Joe Bowersox, The Moral Austerity of Environmental Decision Making: Sustainability, Democracy, and Normative Argument in Policy and Law (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002), pp. 62-71.

"Intellectual Property and Products of Nature," American Journal of Bioethics (AJOB) 2(3) (2002): 12-13.

"On the Relation Between Preference and Choice," Journal of Socio-Economics 31(6) (2003): 587-598.

"The Plaza and the Pendulum: Two Concepts of Ecological Science," Biology and Philosophy 18(2003): 529-552.

"Native to a Place, or What’s Wrong with Exotic Species?" in Dorinda G. Dallmeyer, Values at Sea: Ethics for the Marine Environment (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press: 2003)

"Cows are Better than Condos, or How Economists Help Solve Environmental Problems," Environmental Values 12(4) (2003): 449-470.

"Transgenic Chimeras," American Journal of Bioethics 3(3) (Summer 2003): 30-31.

"Do Non-Non-Native Species Threaten the Natural Environment?" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 (2005): 215–236.

"Nature and Human Nature," in Harold W. Ballie and Timothy K. Casey, editors, Is Human Nature Obsolete? Genetics, Bioengineering, and the Future of the Human Condition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005): pp. 67-98.

"Social Cost-Benefits," in The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics, 2nd edition, edited by Patricia H. Werhane and R. Edward Freeman (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005): pp. 481-483.

"Environmental Economics" Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics, vol. 2, edited by Carl Mitcham (Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005). pp. 650-653.

(with Cliff Russell) "Why Is Meaningful Collaboration Between Ecologists and Economists So Difficult? Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education 131 (June 2005): 13-20.

"Locke Was Right: Nature has Little Economic Value," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 25(3) (Summer 2005), pp. 2-11.

"Extracorporeal Embryos and Three Conceptions of the Human" American Journal of Bioethics (AJOB) 5(6) (November/December 2005), pp. 52-54.

"Towards a Sustainable Environmentalism," in Norton Garfinkle and Daniel Yankelovich, Uniting America: Restoring the Vital Center to American Democracy (New haven: Yale University Press, 2005), pp. 227-244.

"An Aggregate Measure of What? A reply to Zerbe, Bauman, and Finkle," Ecological Economics 60(1) (November 2006): 9-13.

"Environmental Ethics and Environmental Science," in Henk ten Have, ed., Environmental Ethics and International Policy (Paris: UNESCO, 2006) pp. 145-161.

"The Goals of Environmental Law and Leadership," in H.F. Bush, R.A. Erchul, and M.R.D. Maisono, editors, Essays on Environmental Leadership and Management (Lexington, VA: VMI Press, 2006), pp. 13-22.

"Reply to My Critics" in Ethics, Place and Environment 9(3) (October 2006) pp. 277-84.

"A Transcendental Argument for the Concept of Personhood in Neuroscience," The American Journal of Bioethics 7(1) (January 2007): 72-73.

"On the Compatibility of a Conservation Ethic with Biological Science," Conservation Biology 21(2) (April 2007), pp. 337-345. Appears also as "Is an Environmental Ethic Compatible with Biological Science?" The Global Spiral 8(3) (June 2007) http://www.metanexus.net/magazine/tabid/68/id/10035/Default.aspx

"Are Non-native Species Harmful?" Conservation Magazine 8(2) (April-June 2007), pp. 21-22.

"Further Thoughts about the Human Neuron Mouse," American Journal of Bioethics 7(5) (May 2007), pp. 51-52.

"Can Environmentalists Keep Two Ideas in Mind and Still Function?" Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 27(Winter/Spring 2007), pp. 2-7.

"Science, Religion and the Environment," Journal of Catholic Social Thought 4(2) (Summer 2007).

"Environmentalism: Death and Resurrection," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 27 (Summer/Fall 2007), pp. 2-9.

"On the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services," Environmental Values 17(2) (2008): 239-257.

"The National Science Foundation," in J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, eds., Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, vol. II (New York: MacMillan Reference Books, 2008).

"Economism" in J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, eds., Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, vol. II (New York: MacMillan Reference Books, 2008).

"Third-Generation Biotechnology: A First Look," Issues in Science and Technology 25(1)(November 2008): 70-74.

"Environmental Harm: Political Not Biological," Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 22(1)(2009): 81-88.

"The Economic Value of Ecosystem Services," BioScience 59(6)(2009): 461.

"Who Is the Invader? Alien Species, Property Rights, and the Police Power," Social Philosophy & Policy 26:2 (Summer 2009): 26-52. Reprinted in Ellen frankel Paul, fred D. Miller, and Jeffrey Paul, eds., Natural Resources, The Environment, and Human Welfare (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 26-52. Reprinted in Ian D. Rotherham and Robert A. Lambert (Eds.) Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management (Earthscan Publishers, forthcoming).

(with Cliff Russell) "On the Collaboration of Ecologists and Economists," in The Evolution Of Water Resource Planning And Decision Making, Clifford S. Russell and Duane D. Baumann, eds. (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edgar Elegar Books, 2009), Ch. 5.

"Intrinsic Value: A Reply to Justus et al." Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24 (12) (December 2009): 643.

"Regulatory Review and Cost-Benefit Analysis," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 29(3/4) (2009): 21-26.

"Light and Noise Pollution." Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.

"Environmental Ethics and Ecological Science," in Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions, David R. Keller (Editor) New York: Wiley Publishers (2010), pp. 392-400.

"Conservation Biology,"International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Hugh LaFollette, editor (Wiley-Blackwell, forthcoming).

"The Quantification and Valuation of Ecosystem Services,"Ecological Economics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 November 2010, ISSN 0921-8009, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.10.006.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDY-51G2G3X-1/2/503b44d7d9454034d2ebf3afab28380e)

"The Poverty of Economic Analysis," in D. Schlosberg, J. Dryzek, and R. Norgaard (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. London, UK: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). Reprinted as "The Poverty of Economic Reasoning about Climate Change," in Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 30 (3/4)(Fll 2010): 8-15.

Reviews
Review of Private Property and the Constitution, by Bruce Ackerman, in Environmental Ethics 1, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 89-96.

Review of The Arts, Cognition, and Basic Skills, Stanley Madeja, ed., in Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 38, no. 1 pp. 81-2.

Review of Unpopular Essays on Technological Progress, by Nicholas Rescher in The Philosophical Review 92, no. 3 (July 1983): 450-452.

Review of K. S. Shrader-Frechette, Science Policy, Ethics and Economic Methodology, The Philosophical Review 95 No. 4 (October 1986): 633-636.

Review of Ellen Frankel Paul, Property Rights and Eminent Domain, Environmental Ethics, 11 (Summer 1989): 179-189.

Review of Bruce Ackerman, Private Property and the Constitution, Environmental Ethics 1 (Spring 1989): 89-96.

Review of Holmes Rolston's Environmental Ethics, Hastings Center Report, 19 no. 4 (July/August 1989): 39-40.

Review of John Dryzek, Ecological Rationality, Ethics, 100 no. 1 (Oct. 1989): 192-195.

Review of Bryan Norton, Toward Unity Among Environmentalists, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), Hastings Center Report, March-April 1993, pp. 42-43.

Review of J. O'Neill, Ecology, Policy and Politics, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), Trends in Ecology & Evolution Vol. 9 No. 12 (December 1994): 455-500.

Review of Wade Robinson, Decisions in Doubt: The Enviornment and Public Policy, in Ethics 106(4) (July 1996): pp. 900-01.

Review of Willett Kempton et al., Environmental Values in American Culture, in Journal of Value Inquiry, 1997.

Review of Allen Fitzsimmons, Defending Illusions, in Issues in Science and Technology (Fall 2000): 82-84.

Review of Jason van Driesche and Roy van Driesche, Nature Out of Place: Biological Invasions in the Global Age (Washington: Island Press, 2004), forthcoming in Politics and the Life Sciences.

Review of Dale Jamieson, Morality’s Progress (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002) in Ethics 116(3) (April 2006): 590-93.

Books
Sagoff, M. The Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988 second printing 1989; third printing 1991); Second Edition, (completely revised and rewritten) 2008.

Journal Articles and Reviews
Sagoff, M. "Conservation Biology,"International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Hugh LaFollette, editor (Wiley-Blackwell, forthcoming).

Sagoff, M. "Light and Noise Pollution." Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.

Sagoff, M. "Environmental Ethics and Ecological Science," in Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions, David R. Keller (Editor) New York: Wiley Publishers (2010), pp. 392-400.

Sagoff, M. "The Quantification and Valuation of Ecosystem Services,"Ecological Economics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 November 2010, ISSN 0921-8009, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.10.006.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDY-51G2G3X-1/2/503b44d7d9454034d2ebf3afab28380e)

Sagoff, M."The Poverty of Economic Analysis," in D. Schlosberg, J. Dryzek, and R. Norgaard (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. London, UK: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). Reprinted as "The Poverty of Economic Reasoning about Climate Change," in Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 30 (3/4)(Fll 2010): 8-15.

Sagoff, M. "Environmental Harm: Political Not Biological," Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 22(1)(2009): 81-88.

Sagoff, M. "The Economic Value of Ecosystem Services," BioScience 59(6)(2009): 461.

Sagoff, M. "Who Is the Invader? Alien Species, Property Rights, and the Police Power," Social Philosophy & Policy 26:2 (Summer 2009): 26-52. Reprinted in Ellen frankel Paul, fred D. Miller, and Jeffrey Paul, eds., Natural Resources, The Environment, and Human Welfare (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 26-52. Reprinted in Ian D. Rotherham and Robert A. Lambert (Eds.) Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management (Earthscan Publishers, forthcoming).

Sagoff, M., and C. Russell. "On the Collaboration of Ecologists and Economists," in The Evolution Of Water Resource Planning And Decision Making, Clifford S. Russell and Duane D. Baumann, eds. (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edgar Elegar Books, 2009), Ch. 5.

Sagoff, M. "Intrinsic Value: A Reply to Justus et al." Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24 (12) (December 2009): 643.

Sagoff, M. "Regulatory Review and Cost-Benefit Analysis," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 29(3/4) (2009): 21-26.

Sagoff, M. "On the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services," Environmental Values 17(2) (2008): 239-257.

Sagoff, M. "The National Science Foundation," in J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, eds., Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, vol. II (New York: MacMillan Reference Books, 2008).

Sagoff, M. "Economism" in J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, eds., Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, vol. II (New York: MacMillan Reference Books, 2008).

Sagoff, M. Third-Generation Biotechnology: A First Look," Issues in Science and Technology 25(1)(November 2008): 70-74.

Sagoff, M. "A Transcendental Argument for the Concept of Personhood in Neuroscience," The American Journal of Bioethics 7(1) (January 2007): 72-73.

Sagoff, M. "On the Compatibility of a Conservation Ethic with Biological Science," Conservation Biology 21(2) (April 2007), pp. 337-345. Appears also as "Is an Environmental Ethic Compatible with Biological Science?" The Global Spiral 8(3) (June 2007) http://www.metanexus.net/magazine/tabid/68/id/10035/Default.aspx

Sagoff, M. "Are Non-native Species Harmful?" Conservation Magazine 8(2) (April-June 2007), pp. 21-22.

Sagoff, M. "Further Thoughts about the Human Neuron Mouse," American Journal of Bioethics 7(5) (May 2007), pp. 51-52.

Sagoff, M. "Can Environmentalists Keep Two Ideas in Mind and Still Function?" Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 27(Winter/Spring 2007), pp. 2-7.

Sagoff, M. "Science, Religion and the Environment," Journal of Catholic Social Thought 4(2) (Summer 2007).

Sagoff, M. "Environmentalism: Death and Resurrection," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 27 (Summer/Fall 2007), pp. 2-9.

Sagoff, M. "An Aggregate Measure of What? A reply to Zerbe, Bauman, and Finkle," Ecological Economics 60(1) (November 2006): 9-13.

Sagoff, M. "Environmental Ethics and Environmental Science," in Henk ten Have, ed., Environmental Ethics and International Policy (Paris: UNESCO, 2006) pp. 145-161.

Sagoff, M. "The Goals of Environmental Law and Leadership," in H.F. Bush, R.A. Erchul, and M.R.D. Maisono, editors, Essays on Environmental Leadership and Management (Lexington, VA: VMI Press, 2006), pp. 13-22.

Sagoff, M. "Reply to My Critics" in Ethics, Place and Environment 9(3) (October 2006) pp. 277-84.

Sagoff, M. "Do Non-Non-Native Species Threaten the Natural Environment?" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 (2005): 215–236.

Sagoff, M. "Nature and Human Nature," in Harold W. Ballie and Timothy K. Casey, editors, Is Human Nature Obsolete? Genetics, Bioengineering, and the Future of the Human Condition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005): pp. 67-98.

Sagoff, M. "Social Cost-Benefits," in The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics, 2nd edition, edited by Patricia H. Werhane and R. Edward Freeman (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005): pp. 481-483.

Sagoff, M. "Environmental Economics" Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics, vol. 2, edited by Carl Mitcham (Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005). pp. 650-653.

Sagoff, M., and C. Russell. "Why Is Meaningful Collaboration Between Ecologists and Economists So Difficult? Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education 131 (June 2005): 13-20.

Sagoff, M. "Locke Was Right: Nature has Little Economic Value," Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly 25(3) (Summer 2005), pp. 2-11.

Sagoff, M. "Extracorporeal Embryos and Three Conceptions of the Human" American Journal of Bioethics (AJOB) 5(6) (November/December 2005), pp. 52-54.

Sagoff, M. "Towards a Sustainable Environmentalism," in Norton Garfinkle and Daniel Yankelovich, Uniting America: Restoring the Vital Center to American Democracy (New haven: Yale University Press, 2005), pp. 227-244.