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School of Public Policy, Contributing to a Livable World



















Alexander E.R. Woodcock
Affiliate Professor

Alexander (Ted) Woodcock became a Senior Research Professor at the George Mason University School of Public Policy in December 2001. He established the Societal Dynamics Research Center George Mason University and is working with Swedish colleagues to establish a sister Center at the Swedish National Defence College in Stockholm, Sweden. In the summer of 2005 with a colleague at Boston University he taught a summer school course on Inter-disciplinary Systems Science at Boston University Medical Center. He has lectured extensively in the United States, Canada, Europe, and in Australia.

• The Strategic Management System (STRATMAS™): Woodcock is project director for a joint US-Swedish project that is developing the Strategic Management System (STRATMAS™). STRATMAS™ is hosted in the Aquarium, the Swedish National Command and Control and Crisis Management Testbed at the Swedish National Defence College in Stockholm. STRATMAS™ was used to study post-conflict reconstruction for Afghanistan in January 2003 and to support Exercise Iraq Future ‘05 in April 2004. STRATMAS™ was used in March 2006 to support a major NATO-Partnership for Peace Exercise on Afghanistan at the US Joint Forces Command, Norfolk, Virginia.

• Royal Swedish Academy of Military Sciences Woodcock was elected a Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Military Sciences in April 1998. He is the seventeenth current Foreign Member and the only one from the United States.

• Linked Business, Research, and Academic Activities: Before coming to GMU, Woodcock was Chief Scientist and a Vice President at BAE SYSTEMS-Portal Solutions (formerly Synectics Corporation), Fairfax, Virginia. He is a Guest Professor at the National Defence College, Stockholm, Sweden; was a Visiting Professor at the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, England for 10 years. He maintains active collaborations with colleagues at many governmental and academic institutions and has functioned successfully in both business and academic areas.

• Biological Research: Woodcock was a Fulbright Fellow and Research Associate in Biology at Yale University where he studied crustacean higher-order optic interneuron responses to visual stimulation. He was an Assistant Professor of Biology at Williams College where he taught courses on anatomy and physiology and neurophysiology. He was a Visiting Scholar in biology on sabbatical leave at Stanford University where he undertook a scanning electron microscope-based study of the developing mouse eye as well as another study involving electrical recording from developing chick cardiac preparations.

• Mathematical Modeling: Woodcock was an IBM (UK) Research Fellow in the Mathematics Institute at the University of Warwick in England and an IBM (World Trade) Research Fellow at IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York. He was involved in the study of the geometry of the Elementary Catastrophes through production of multi-dimensional computer-generated figures and movies and their application to develop models of neural, chemical, and other systems.

• Interdisciplinary Research Woodcock has specialized in bringing disparate fields together and playing an active role in their synergistic development. Woodcock’s work has provided a basis for new research, development, education, and training activities for government, business, and academic enterprises. Building on a solid intellectual foundation and training in physics, mathematics, and biology, he educated himself in political and military science, economics, psychology, and other necessary fields. He has a relatively rare ability to interact and collaborate with colleagues at the research level in a wide range of different subject areas. He is a Full Member of Sigma Xi. He has a Ph.D. in Biology and an M.Sc. in Biophysics from the University of East Anglia in England, as well as a B.Sc. (with honours) in Physics from Exeter University in England.

• Writer and Author: Woodcock is a highly accomplished scientific author and technical editor having published three books, co-edited sixteen major international conference proceedings, and written numerous research articles. Has written a large num¬ber of successful proposals and technical project reports for several United States Defense entities and has undertaken projects for the Swedish Defence Material Administration and National Defence College as well as the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence and Defence Research Agency. He is the joint author of The Military Landscape: Mathematical Models of Combat, written with Dockery, recognized as the seminal text in the field by the Chief Analyst of the United States Marine Corps.

• The Cornwallis Group: Woodcock is the Chair, Proceedings Editor, and a Founding Member of the Cornwallis Group consisting of international professionals involved in analysis of peace operations and related areas. The Group has met for eight years at the Canadian International Peacekeeping Training Centre in Nova Scotia Canada, at the Austrian Peace Center in Stadt Schlaining, Austria in 2004, and at the Royal Military College of Canada in 2005. It will meet in association with the US Army Carlisle Barracks in 2006.

Societal Dynamics

• Development of mathematical models of military conflict and revolutionary political processes led to a long-term interest in a topic that Woodcock has called Societal Dynamics. Societal Dynamics are based on biological and ecological populations and describe the competition between individuals and groups for resources and provides much of the theoretical foundation for the development of STRATMAS.

• Military, political, and other entities compete for resources and occupy niches within the overall Societal Dynamics environment. Simple Societal Dynamics models provide new insight into the behavior of complex systems.

• Societal Dynamics Models are based on research begun while an IBM Research Fellow at the Mathematics Institute of the University of Warwick in England and at IBM Research in Yorktown Heights, New York. Studies continued at Yale as a Fulbright Fellow, then as an Assistant Professor at Williams College, as an independent consultant and at Synectics Corporation, BAE-Systems., and George Mason University

• Very significant progress in model development during work as a consultant to the United States Government in the early 1980s and subsequently during work at Synectics, which became part of BAE SYSTEMS, and elsewhere.

Teaching at George Mason University, The Swedish National Defence College, and Boston University Medical Center

• At George Mason University Woodcock has developed and taught graduate-level courses on policy and organizational analysis; rational choice and uncertainty: modeling judgement; and modeling and analysis for peace operations.

> The rational choice and uncertainty: modeling judgement (PUBP 711) course at GMU provides its students with unique hands-on experience in the development and use of computer-based models to study policy- and decision-making in changing and uncertain environments. The major feature of the course is an independent research project in a topic area of the student’s choice that involves development and use of computer-based models by the students.

> The policy analysis for practitioners (PUBP 501) course at GMU identifies the skills necessary for the analysis of policy and organizations and uses a range of hands-on experiences including internet sources based in Australia, and case study analyses of free trade and the Darfur crisis. The students were formed into small research groups and asked to present their analyses to their professor and their colleagues during the course.

> The key feature of the course on the modeling and analysis for peace operations at GMU is a research project that involves individual student development and use of computer-based models of a key aspect of policy-making for peace operations selected by the student.

• At the Swedish National Defence College Woodcock developed and taught a course on modeling and simulation with a Swedish military colleague as part of the Swedish Program of Advanced Command Studies to mid-level military officers.
> A key feature of the modeling and simulation course at the Swedish National Defence College involved a research project involving the development and use of computer-based models to analyze important aspects of military command and control selected by the individual students. Results of these studies were published in an official book by the National Defence College Administration.

Using Advanced Mathematics to Build Small, Agile, Computer-Based Models

• Woodcock has played an internationally-recognized research and development role in the modeling and analysis of operations other than war, command and control, combat, and low intensity conflict.

• Pioneered development and use of societal dynamics models based on state-of-the-art mathematics (including chaotic dynam¬ics, fractals, bifurcation theory, catastrophe theory, genetic algorithms, and intelligent automata) to model complex societal systems.

• Selected models have been implemented in small, agile, computer systems such as STRATMAS™ and also in systems used to support international peace and humanitarian operation and counter-drug exercises for United States Southern Command and the United States Joint Staff, The Pentagon.

The Strategic Management System (STRATMAS™)

• Woodcock has continued to lead an international team in the development of the Strategic Management System (STRATMAS™) facility under the initial sponsorship of the United States Joint Staff (J8) and the Swedish National Defence College as agent for the Supreme Commander of Swedish Defence.

> STRATMAS™ uses societal dynamics, genetic algorithms, intelligent automata, and other processes to model the environment within which force-on-force conflict (FFC), peace keeping (PKO), peace enforcement (PEO), humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR), non-combatant (NEO) and other types of operation can take place.

> STRATMAS™ was used to support a post-conflict stabilization study of Afghanistan at the Swedish National Defence College in January 2003 and also to support Exercise Iraq Future ’05 which studied and analyzed future options in Iraq in April 2004.

> STRATMAS™ supported the NATO-Partnership for Peace multi-national (MNE-4) exercise at US Joint Forces Command, Norfolk, Virginia, in February and March 2006

> STRATMAS™ is the center of gravity of the software development of the Aquarium facility, the Swedish National Command and Control and Crisis Management Testbed at the Swedish National Defence College in Stockholm. STRATMAS™ Research is a line item in the Swedish National Defence Budget.

Counter-Terrorist, National Security, and Critical Infrastructure Protection Modeling

• Developed systems dynamics-based models of counter-terrorist operations with colleagues at George Mason University in a project supported by the US National Defence University.

• Involved in providing model-based support to analyses of the security of the Nation’s blood supply as a component of the critical national infrastructure and in a project that is examining the risks associated with travel in extreme environments.

• Studied the problems associated with capability-based acquisition in emerging conflict environments supported by Loughborough University and BAE SYSTEMS in the UK.

• Senior editor of the Critical Infrastructure Protection Project Workshop I Working Papers (2003) and the Critical Infrastructure Protection Workshop II Working Papers (2004) for the federally-funded George Mason University Critical Infrastructure Protection Project.

• Led development of the Critical Infrastructure Protection Modeling and Analysis System (CIPMAS) at George Mason University.

Educational Background

Ph.D. in Biology, 1968, University of East Anglia, England; M.Sc. in Biophysics, 1965, University of East Anglia, England; B.Sc. in Physics, with Honours, 1964, Exeter University, England. Visiting Scholar (sabbatical leave) 1979, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Full Member of Sigma Xi.

Professional Positions

2003-present Director of the Societal Dynamics Research Center, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax and Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A.

2001-present Senior Research Professor, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.

1984 - 2001 Chief Scientist, Vice President, and Director of the Advanced Mathematics Program, BAE SYSTEMS-Portal Solutions (formerly Synectics Corporation), Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.

2001 Distinguished Visiting Fellow, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.

2000 Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.

1996 - Present Guest Professor, National Defence College, Stockholm, Sweden.

1989 - 2000 Visiting Professor, Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, England,

1989 - Present Corresponding Faculty Member, Center for Computational Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, U.S.A.

1984 - 1984 Principal Scientist, B-K Dynamics, Rockville, MD, U.S.A.

1980 - 1984 Consultant (self-employed), Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A.

1974 - 1980 Assistant Professor of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA.

1972 - 1974 IBM (World Trade) Postdoctoral Fellow, IBM Corporation, T. J. Watson Jr. Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, U.S.A.

1971 - 1972 IBM (UK) Postdoctoral Fellow, Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, England, UK.

1968 - 1971 Fulbright Fellow and Research Associate in Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, U.S.A.

1967 - 1968 IBM (UK) Postdoctoral Fellow, Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, England, UK.